A sprain is a common injury that occurs when ligaments, the tissues connecting bones, are stretched or torn. Sprains can range from mild to severe and often affect the ankles, wrists, and knees. This page explores the causes, diagnostic process, and treatment options for sprains.

Causes of Sprains

Sprains typically result from sudden, forceful movements that overstretch or tear the ligaments.

Common Causes

• Sports Injuries: Rapid changes in direction, jumping, or collisions can lead to sprains.
• Falls: Landing awkwardly can stretch or tear ligaments, especially in the ankle or wrist.
• Twisting Motions: Rolling the ankle or twisting the knee can cause ligament damage.
• Overuse: Repeated stress on a joint can weaken ligaments over time, increasing the risk of sprains.

Risk Factors

• Poor Conditioning: Weak muscles or lack of flexibility increase the risk of ligament injuries.
• Improper Equipment: Wearing inappropriate footwear or using faulty sports equipment can contribute to sprains.
• Uneven Surfaces: Running or walking on uneven ground increases the likelihood of twisting an ankle.

Diagnosing Sprains

Diagnosing a sprain involves evaluating the severity of the injury through a combination of clinical assessment and, if necessary, imaging tests.

Medical History
Your healthcare provider will ask about:

• How the injury occurred.
• The location and intensity of pain.
• Any swelling, bruising, or difficulty moving the joint.

Physical Examination
The doctor may:

• Palpate the affected area to identify points of tenderness.
• Assess joint stability and range of motion.
• Look for signs of swelling or bruising.

Imaging Tests
If a severe sprain or fracture is suspected, tests may include:

• X-rays: Rule out fractures or dislocations.
• MRI: Provides detailed images of ligaments and soft tissues to assess the extent of damage.
• Ultrasound: Evaluates ligament injuries, especially in dynamic movements.

Severity of Sprains

Sprains are categorised into three grades based on the extent of ligament damage.

Grade I (Mild)

• Slight stretching and microscopic tears in the ligament fibers.
• Symptoms: Mild pain, swelling, and minimal loss of function.

Grade II (Moderate)

• Partial tearing of the ligament.
• Symptoms: Moderate pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty bearing weight.

Grade III (Severe)

• Complete ligament tear.
• Symptoms: Severe pain, significant swelling, instability, and inability to use the joint.

Treating Sprains

Treatment for sprains focuses on reducing pain and swelling, restoring joint function, and preventing long-term complications.

Initial Treatment: R.I.C.E. Method

• Rest: Avoid activities that worsen the pain.
• Ice: Apply ice packs for 15–20 minutes every 2–3 hours during the first 48 hours.
• Compression: Use an elastic bandage to reduce swelling and provide support.
• Elevation: Keep the injured limb elevated above heart level to minimize swelling.

Pain Management

• Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help reduce pain and inflammation.

Rehabilitation

• Physical Therapy: Strengthening and flexibility exercises to restore joint function.
• Mobility Aids: Crutches or braces may be necessary for severe sprains to support healing.

Surgical Intervention

• Rarely required, but may be necessary for Grade III sprains or if the ligament does not heal with conservative treatment.

Preventing Sprains

You can reduce the risk of sprains by:

• Strengthening Exercises: Build strong muscles around the joints to provide stability.
• Stretching: Maintain flexibility in ligaments and tendons.
• Wearing Proper Footwear: Supportive shoes reduce the risk of ankle sprains.
• Using Protective Gear: Braces or tape can support joints during high-risk activities.
• Being Cautious: Avoid uneven surfaces and be mindful of your environment during physical activities.

When to Seek Medical Attention

You should consult a doctor if you experience:

• Severe pain or inability to bear weight on the affected joint.
• Significant swelling or bruising.
• A popping sound at the time of injury or visible joint instability.
• Persistent pain or stiffness despite home care.

Sprains are common but treatable injuries. Prompt care and proper rehabilitation can help prevent complications and ensure a full recovery.

Book a consultation with us today for personalised advice and treatment.