Eczema, or atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition that causes dry, itchy, and inflamed skin.

Symptoms

It’s especially common in children but can persist or even start in adulthood. Eczema tends to run in families and is often linked to other allergic conditions, like asthma or hay fever. The exact cause isn’t fully understood, but it involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors that disrupt the skin’s ability to retain moisture.

Eczema can appear differently depending on the person. Some experience mild, occasional flare-ups, while others deal with severe, constant irritation. Certain triggers, like soaps, detergents, allergens, or even stress, can make symptoms worse. For some, eczema may appear as round, coin-shaped patches (nummular eczema), while others develop tiny, itchy blisters on their hands and feet (dyshidrotic eczema).

Types of Eczema

• Atopic Dermatitis: Often associated with allergies or asthma.
• Contact Dermatitis: Triggered by irritants or allergens.
• Dyshidrotic Eczema: Small, itchy blisters on the hands and feet.
• Nummular Eczema: Round, coin-shaped spots of irritation.
• Seborrheic Dermatitis: Affects oily areas, like the scalp and face.

Treatment

Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing flare-ups.

Moisturizers are a mainstay, helping to keep the skin barrier intact. During flare-ups, topical steroids or non-steroidal creams can reduce inflammation.

Identifying and avoiding triggers, such as certain fabrics or skincare products, is crucial. In severe cases, doctors may recommend phototherapy or oral medications to control the immune response.

• Topical Treatments: Moisturizers, corticosteroids, and calcineurin inhibitors.
• Antihistamines: To control itching.
• Lifestyle Changes: Identifying and avoiding triggers like soaps, fabrics, or allergens.
• Professional Options: Wet wrap therapy and phototherapy for severe cases.

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