Folliculitis is an inflammation or infection of hair follicles, resulting in small, red, and often itchy or painful bumps that may resemble pimples.

Symptoms & Causes

Folliculitis can appear anywhere hair grows, though it’s most common on the scalp, face, neck, thighs, and buttocks.

It occurs when the hair follicle becomes damaged or clogged, allowing bacteria, fungi, or other irritants to infect the area.

Folliculitis happens when bacteria, fungi, or even irritation from shaving or tight clothing damages the follicles, making them inflamed or infected.

Types of Folliculitis

There are different types of folliculitis. Superficial folliculitis is the most common and mildest form, appearing as small, itchy bumps. Deeper folliculitis, such as boils or carbuncles, can be more painful and lead to scarring if left untreated. Hot tub folliculitis, caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is another form, often resulting from poorly maintained hot tubs.

Superficial Folliculitis:

• Affects the upper part of the follicle.
• Appears as small, red bumps or white-headed pimples.
• Often caused by bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus.

‍Deep Folliculitis:

• Affects deeper layers of the follicle.
• Can lead to painful, pus-filled boils or abscesses.
• May result in scarring if untreated.

Hot Tub Folliculitis:

• Caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
• Often occurs after using poorly maintained hot tubs or pools.
• Results in itchy, red bumps that may develop into pustules.

Pseudofolliculitis Barbae:

• Common in men who shave.
• Occurs when ingrown hairs irritate the follicles, leading to inflammation.
• Appears as small, painful bumps in the beard or neck area.

Treatment & Management

Most cases of folliculitis are mild and resolve with simple interventions like keeping the area clean, avoiding shaving or irritation, and applying warm compresses to soothe the skin.

Over-the-counter antibacterial or antifungal creams can also help. For more persistent or severe cases, a doctor may prescribe antibiotics, antifungals, or other treatments to address the underlying cause. Preventative measures, such as wearing loose clothing, avoiding shared hot tubs, and practicing good hygiene, can reduce the risk of future flare-ups.

Self-Care:

• Clean the affected area gently with antibacterial soap and warm water.
• Apply warm compresses to reduce inflammation and encourage drainage.
• Avoid shaving or irritating the area during an outbreak.

Topical Treatments:

• Antibacterial creams or ointments containing mupirocin or clindamycin for bacterial infections.
• Antifungal creams for folliculitis caused by fungi.
• Over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream may help with itching or mild inflammation.

Oral Medications:

• For severe or persistent cases, doctors may prescribe oral antibiotics or antifungal medications.
• Deep or resistant infections may require more prolonged treatment.

Preventative Measures:

• Shave with care, using clean, sharp razors and shaving in the direction of hair growth.
• Avoid tight clothing or fabrics that trap heat and moisture.
• Moisturize the skin to prevent dryness and irritation.
• Maintain good hygiene and avoid sharing personal items like razors or towels.

Folliculitis is typically manageable and often clears up with proper care. For chronic or recurrent cases, consulting a healthcare professional is essential to identify underlying causes or triggers.

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